How much do Solar Panels cost? Solar energy installers and solar energy companies compete in a very competitive environment (national and global) driving the aforementioned drop in solar panels cost. Solar panels cost – solar panels revenue. So what is currently the cost of solar PV panels? However, when it comes to estimating the cost of solar panels for a specific solar panel installation (e. Other factors influencing the overall solar panel cost include the efficiency and life expectancy of the solar panels, installation costs including actual installation of the solar panels and electrical connections, additional equipment required such as inverters, batteries and cabling. Of course, financial appraisal of a solar panel installation requires that we also consider income factors on a net cash flow statement together with related costs. The income from installing solar PV panels is very much dependent on a range of factors that can actually make a project financially viable or not. Income from solar panel installations – Photovoltaic (PV) panels. Solar panel prices can range widely depending on the size of. The cost of solar panels in Australia can. Solar panel price is.
Apart from the Solar Panel Efficiency which is given by the solar panel manufacturer, income from installing your home solar panels will depend also on your location’s climatic and morphological conditions (solar radiance – solar potential, environmental conditions, solar panel orientation, whether solar radiation is obstructed etc.),and on the financial incentives scheme applicable to your solar panel installation. One need to consider that as solar panels costs diminish so is the required scale of financial incentives (e. FITS – Feed- In- Tariffs) that aim to make solar energy installations more affordable or financially viable and profitable. For example, the Feed in tariffs in an EU member state has changed from . This reduction in FITs actually reflects the reduction in overall solar panel costs. In addition to FITs, you should also consider that certain subsidy schemes have different options and requirements depending on the type of solar panel installation. For example incentive schemes for home solar panel installations allow for smaller sizes of installed capacity (wattage) and a higher rate of FIT per kwh produced than the schemes for commercial solar energy installations. In addition, non- residential solar panel installations may require additional investment costs on the installation site (e. It may be comprised by 8 panels of 1. W or 5 panels of 2. In all different solutions you should be able to gather comparable solar panel cost information in order to be able to compare the different solutions. For home solar panels installations you can have roof- mounted or land- mounted solutions, with the former, if circumstances allow it – e. In general, the most suitable and more cost effective solution regarding where panels are mounted will be case specific subject to custom circumstances (e. However, solar panel tracking systems can only (in most cases) be installed on ground- mounted PV installations and they have a considerable cost; it is thus advisable that, before deciding upon tracking systems, you should perform a cost- benefit analysis for your specific case. The PV panels’ circuit will need batteries and inverters to store electrical energy and convert it to alternating current. They are both expensive equipment that certainly have an impact on solar panels efficiency and overall performance of solar panels. Most non- residential ground mounted solar panel installations will require site fencing and, depending on the size of installation, a small power station. Apart from site fencing, you may also wish to explore other protective mechanisms in order to protect your investment, such as security cameras for surveillance in closed circuit and insurance. If you are installing PV panels under a FITs plan, apart from insuring your solar panel equipment, you may also find useful to ask your insurance company for insuring your generated income from solar panel electricity. Depending on the scale, location and type of your solar panels installation you may need to issue a Planning permission for the local authorities – this is usually a procedure that has a small fixed cost (fee) for small scale applications – However, larger scale solar panel installations have higher licensing costs because they usually require additional documentation in issuing a license for installation (e. This will help increase solar panels’ efficiency and production rate while it will also help prolong the solar panel’s life. Maintaining clean solar panels at peak production times will pay off through your FITs income scheme. Considering these factors, it is easily understood that while making a decision for your home solar panels it may be a good idea to consult with a certified solar panel installer for assistance and professional advice. Euro Solar offers the most advanced 10KW solar system available on the market with great technical expertise and full installation. 10kW Solar Kit Enphase MicroInverter Residential. IMPORTANT 10,340 Watt Grid Tied Solar Kit INSTALLATION. Compare costs for solar panel installation. Get quotes from 4 local solar installers now, for free (you’ll see their ratings to). Need to find a reputable solar installer but don’t want to over pay? How Much Does a Rooftop Solar PV System Cost? How to choose the right EPC for your Solar Plant? Why solar Panel is like your Wife? Assessing financial viability of solar panel installations- recap. Some important figures for estimating solar panel costs and income from your home solar panel installation are summarized below: Overall (Average) Solar panels cost (from recently updated figures in 2. Kw of installed capacity (average Solar panel cost per kw). This figure includes purchasing the equipment and cost for solar panel installation. Smaller Home solar panel installations may cost you more per k. Wp whereas larger solar panel installations (e. Utility scale solar power installations’ costs are not mentioned. Initial investment (basically quoted above) includes purchasing of the equipment and associated installation costs. Solar panel companies and solar panel installers will quote different prices for equipment and for the associated customized installation services; In comparing alternative solutions it is advisable to gather several quotes for comparison and to make a detailed cost analysis for both costs and generated income. Average annual Energy produced per Kw – the annualized average energy produced per Kw ranges between 1. EU and California solar conditions). Simplistic estimation of FITs income – For a solar panel installation under a FITs scheme of $0. Wh you will receive on average 1. Therefore, the most valuable solution amongst alternatives may not necessarily be the one with lower initial investment if it yields a higher output, or if it lasts longer enough to off- set its extra cost; the most valuable solution is thus decided by considering all factors mentioned above.(* Solar panels cost and FITs may vary amongst different countries and states – figures used have been sourced from EU member states 2. Solar Energy Alliance have been installing solar panels for homes and providing solar PV panels and equipment for farms and commercial buildings in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge and London areas for the last 2.
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Most of the private sector economy in the United States is made up of such firms where management and ownership are separate, and there are no controllingshareholders. This separation of those who run a company from those who directly benefit from its earnings, create what economists call a . The compensation is typically a mixture of salary, bonuses, equity compensation (stock options,etc.), benefits, and perquisites. In Designing A Reward Program One Attempts To BanIt has often had surprising amounts of deferred compensation and pension payments, and unique features such as executive loans (now banned), and postretirement perks and guaranteed consulting fees. Between 1. 98. 0 and 2. Mutual Fund founder John Bogle estimates total CEO compensation grew 8. About 4. 0 percent of the top 0. Framework: Emphasis: Health maintenance: Preventive services: Outcomes Management: Measurement of function, patient experience and health status: Clinical Effectiveness: Measurement of outcomes in real world settings, rather. United States are executives, managers, or supervisors (and this doesn't include the finance industry). Ellison of Oracle with $9. That year the top 2. But components of executive pay are more numerous and more complex than lower level employees. Other types are not, but generally make up a higher (e. Salary paid in excess of $1 million is not tax deductible for a firm. In the other direction, . The median bonus was $2. According to one anonymous insider, . It's in their interests to keep the goals low so that they will succeed in meeting them. For example, when executives failed to meet the annual earnings growth rate target of 1. Coca Cola in 2. 00. He was given a half million dollar bonus nonetheless on the grounds of his . To entice the potential hire the new employer had to compensate them for their loss by paying a massive signing bonus. Kmart promised $1. Thomas Conaway as CEO. This is a staff list for Moonridge Academy in Cedar City, UT (we are working to acquire the complete records for ALL years) We advise current and/or former staff to report any abuses you may have witnessed while working at. The Graduate School of Operational and Information Sciences includes Graduate Resident Programs consisting of 15 technical curricula and awards Master of Science and Ph.D. Council of Writing Program Administrators. It is clear within departments of English that research and teaching are generally regarded as intellectual, professional activities worthy of tenure and promotion. Penney paid Ron Johnson a signing bonus of $5. Penny's shares declined 5. April 2. 01. 3. In 2. Note: To best understand this post, you should first read Part 1 of Wait But Why’s previous post on procrastination. In Designing A Reward Program One Attempts To SettleCEO compensation was delivered in the form of stock or options. In the late 1. 99. Warren Buffett lamented that . And the way it's being done is through stock options. A 2. 00. 0 study of S& P 5. Given a choice between a high risk plan that has equal chance of driving the company's share price up to $1. CEO has much more incentive to take the risky route since their options are just as worthless with a modest increase (to $1. Studies of the timing of option grants to executives have found . Repricing of stock options also frequently occurs after the release of bad news or just prior to the release of good news. It is not, however, if the insider knowledge used to time a sale is made up of many pieces and not just a single piece of . But even if there is material knowledge, the SEC enforcement is limited to those cases easily won. Restricted stock that is forfeited if the executive leaves before the vesting period is up is sometimes used by companies as a . The packages include features such as retirement plans and deferred compensation, as well as post- retirement perks and guaranteed consulting fees. From 2. 00. 0 to 2. The SEC required only the compensation of current employees be reported to shareholders, not the perks and cash provided to anyone no longer working for the firm. As of 2. 00. 2, some 7. SERPs to their executives, and 9. One of the few big firms that did disclose its executive pension liability. While his original contract based his pension on his average annual salary and bonus over the five years before retirement, that was changed to his average taxable compensation over the three years he received the most compensation. This change of a few words more than doubled the pension payout from $2. SEC- required executive compensation tables or in the annual report footnotes. The numbers were revealed only because a newspaper covering the story hired an actuary to calculate the new basis. A banking analyst from Prudential Securities noted that while the CEO was in charge, Fleet. Boston's shares `underperformed the average bank for a decade,` and groused: `What happened to getting a gold watch?`. They differ from many lower- level packages not only in their size, but in their broad guarantee to be paid even in the face of poor performance. They are paid as long as the executives are not removed `for cause`. The typical CEO is not anticipating many years of income stream since the usual executive contract is only three years. Furthermore, only 2 percent of firms in the S& P 5. And if employers are worried about coaxing risk- adverse potential employees, why are executives the only ones provided with this treatment? These have included use of corporate jets (sometimes for family and guests as well), chauffeured cars, personal assistants, financial planning, home- security systems, club memberships, sports tickets, office space, secretarial help, and cell phone service. For example, if the retired executive thinks $1. Although the marginal cost of allowing a retired executive to use the company jet may appear limited, it can run quite high. Consider the use of a company plane for a flight from New York to California and then back several days later. Because the New York- based aircraft and flight crew will return to the East Coast after dropping the retired exec off, the actual charge to the company is two round trips: a total of eight takeoffs and landings and approximately 2. For example,In 2. AOL Time Warner was paying retired CEO Gerald M. Levin $1 million a year to serve as an adviser for up to five days a month. Most equity compensation, such as stock options, does not impose a direct cost on the corporation dispensing it. It does, however, cost company stockholders by increasing the number of shares outstanding and thus, diluting the value of their shares. To minimize this effect, corporations often buy back shares of stock (which does cost the firm cash income). Former SEC Chairman, William H. Donaldson, called executive compensation . One of the great, as- yet- unsolved problems in the country today. Measuring average pay of CEOs from 1. Vanguard mutual fund founder John Bogle found it grew almost three times as fast as the corporations the CEOs ran. One calculation by one executive compensation consultant (Michael Dennis Graham) found . Investor Warren Buffett has disparaged the proverbial . In the words of journalist Clive Crook, the consultants . Shareholders had been told the compensation was devised with the help of an . Sources told the Times that the consultant was Hewitt Associates, ? Better, in the event that something goes wrong, to be able to tell yourself that you spent all you could. And overspending is always easier when you. Why was negotiation of the CEO pay package . Large shareholders in a company have both the means and the motive to remind managers whom they are working for and to insist that costs (including managers' pay) be contained and assets not squandered on reckless new ventures or vanity projects. Shareholders with small diversified holdings are unable to exercise such influence; they can only vote with their feet, choosing either to hold or to sell their shares, according to whether they think that managers are doing a good job overall. Shareholdings have become more dispersed in recent decades, and the balance of power has thereby shifted from owners to managers. Bogle worries that money managers have become much less interested in the long term performance of firms they own stock in, with the average turnover of a share of stock . Following earlier scandals over management accounting fraud and self- dealing. Independent directors have . Regulations limit director compensation but not that of immediate family members of the directors who are non- executive employees of the firm. Pay for Fortune 5. Dissident slates of candidate have very seldom appeared on shareholder ballots. CEOs are often involved in bringing a director onto the board. Being a director has been compared to being in a club. The controlling factor is what the authors call . However, to overturn the package they must prove that the compensation package is . Companies generally warns stockholders such votes will be disregarded, or if obeyed will mean the package is simply replace with other forms of compensation (appreciation rights or cash grants replacing options, for example). Shareholder resolutions are also advisory not compulsory, for corporate boards, which commonly decline to implement resolutions with majority shareholder support. The average CEO owns so little company equity, that even if their compensation package was so wasteful and excessive it reduced the company's value by $1. CEO only $1 million in lost value of shares and options. And even companies with a single controlling shareholder, who ought to be able to dictate terms, don. Murphy, author and adjunct scholar of the libertarian. Ludwig von Mises Institute, challenges those who belittle large corporate compensation arguing that it is . For example, when GM stock plunged 2. Railroads in the US lent themselves to dispersed ownership relying on professional management, because they were far larger, more complex and covered much greater distances than other businesses of the time. But by 1. 97. 8, that ration had started to grow reaching 3. Stock market bubble busts meant drastic cuts in capital gains which were the source of most the equity compensation that made up much or most of CEO pay. The divergence in pay peaked in 2. CEO pay being almost 3. It peaked again in 2. Both peaks bottomed out with the collapse of the Dot- com bubble (2. According to business writer Mitchell Schnurman, rather than discouraging the practice, the regulation was seen . Michael Eisner CEO of Disney signed a contract in 1. CEO up to that point, earning $5. Roberto Goizueta, CEO of Coca- Cola from 1. Murphy, published an article in the Harvard Business Review, in which they argued that the trouble with American business, was that`the compensation of top executives is virtually independent of performance.
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It is the department s intent to help provide a safe, healthy, and drug- free atmosphere in which student- athletes can experience and grow as students, and most importantly, as human beings. The lives of many men, women and children are being negatively influenced by our society s unhealthy relationship with alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. College is a time when important decisions are often made regarding career, relationships, etc. Additionally, the student- athlete has many other stresses associated with being an athlete at a major university. The pressures of training, practice, time management, and notoriety, accompanied by the other pressures of adjusting to a large university often far from home, can sometimes make the temporary relaxation promised by drug use very attractive. The Athletic Department is committed to the development and enactment of a substance abuse policy designed to assist studentathletes meet the demands of both academic and athletic pursuits. It is with this philosophy in mind that the Athletic Department has developed a Substance Abuse Policy that has the following goals: 1. To provide current, factual information to all student- athletes regarding drug use/abuse. To identify as quickly as possible those student- athletes who are abusing substances, or who are at high risk to abuse substances, and provide them with the professional assistance they require. To develop and maintain an ethical, responsible drug testing program designed to act as both a deterrent to drug/alcohol abuse and as a method of identifying student- athletes who may already be involved with substance abuse. To enhance the well- being of FSU student- athletes and ensure, as much as possible, their safety. To provide a safe environment for intercollegiate athletics competition. By accomplishing these goals the Athletic Department is fulfilling a responsibility it has towards the student- athletes who have been recruited to pursue their academic and athletic careers at Florida State University. General Information Any athlete, scholarship or walk- on, in order to participate on an athletic team at Florida State University, will be asked to sign a consent form stating that they have read and understand the substance abuse policy and agree to comply with the policy and the consequences of any positive tests. The athletics drug policy will be reviewed at the beginning of the Fall semester, including the frequency of the student- athlete being drug tested by FSU and/or the NCAA. Drug testing involving championship games/events in their sport will also be explained. Further discussion will also highlight what happens if a positive drug test does occur. Family involvement, counseling services, suspensions and dismissals will be covered at this time. Substance Abuse Education The basic thrust of the Athletic department s Substance Abuse Program is one of prevention. An essential component of any prevention program is education concerning drug testing procedures, the substances themselves and the consequences resulting from problems in this area that do develop. It is the goal of the Athletic Department to ensure that accurate information regarding alcohol and drug abuse is disseminated to the student- athletes of Florida State University. The goal of the educational component of the Substance Abuse Program is to ensure, as much as possible, that no student- athlete makes an unhealthy decision due to ignorance regarding their use of alcohol or drugs. Substance Abuse Committee A Committee shall be formed which has its primary function the development and implementation of the Substance Abuse Policy. The committee will be comprised of at least the following persons: Senior Executive Associate Director of Athletics, Director of Compliance, Director of Student Services, one team physician, one substance abuse professional, Director of Sports Medicine, Senior Associate Director of Sports Medicine- Head Football Athletic Trainer, Drug Testing Coordinator, Behavioral Health Coordinator, Director of Student- Athlete Academic Services, president of Student Athlete Advisory council, and a university legal advisor, when necessary. These individuals will be approved by the Director of Athletics. The committee shall be empowered to review the athletic Department s substance abuse policies and testing procedures, as it deems necessary. The committee will not be privy to any confidential information regarding individual drug test results, with the exception of the Substance Abuse Executive Committee members. A chairperson for the committee will be appointed by the Director of Athletics. This individual will convene and chair all substance abuse committee meetings, and will author a summary report to the Director of Athletics regarding all drug testing done during the previous academic year. The committee will meet no less than once each academic year in its effort to review current policy and procedures. General Information Drug testing performed by the Florida State University Department of Athletics is done so in correlation with Aegis Sciences Corporation, a SAMSHA certified laboratory, and are performed in the Wilma Rudolph Sports Testing Laboratory. The basic testing profile which will be used for all tests is the Zero- tolerance 4- Drug Class Profile # This profile includes but is not limited to the following four classes: I. Cocaine & Crack Cocaine V. Specific Gravity 4. At any time and at random, certain student- athletes may also be tested for synthetic cannabinoids, alcohol, and anabolic steroids. The random selection of student- athletes is performed by computer based randomization programs through Aegis Sports Testing Services. Some student- athletes will be selected for repeat testing because of entry into the Substance Abuse Program as the result of a prior positive test. Once the list of random selections and repeat selections is generated, the athletic trainer for each sport will notify the student- athlete of the selection and the student- athlete will then sign a form of notification and provide their current cell phone number, or number where they can be reached at the time of the test. Student- athletes are to report for testing at the time and location stated on the notification form. When the student- athlete reports for testing their identification is confirmed by photo identification. The chain of custody form is completed and the student- athlete is identified on the form only by the unique identification number that is created by Aegis Sports Testing Services, not their name. This unique number remains the same for the student- athlete for his/her entire eligibility as a studentathlete at Florida State University. Certified collection of specimens is done by male and female collectors from outside laboratories arranged by Aegis Sports Testing Services and approved by FSU Sports Medicine. The studentathlete is observed providing the sample and the sample is processed using strict chain of custody procedures in order to guarantee that there is no tampering with or manipulation of the sample. Samples are then shipped to the Aegis Sports Testing Services laboratory in Nashville, Tennessee for testing. When extenuating circumstances arise, urine samples can be collected by the Drug Testing Coordinator or his/her designee. Once laboratory testing is completed, Aegis Sports Testing Services notifies the Director of Sports Medicine as well as the Associate Director of Sports Medicine and the Drug Testing Coordinator via that results are ready to be viewed at the secure Aegis Sports Testing website. At that time results are downloaded to the computer of any of the three notified sports medicine staff members and the results are imported into a secure program that matches the student- athlete with his/her unique identification number. For the initial drug screening, urine samples will be processed using enzyme immunoassay testing methods. All Non- Negatives will be confirmed positive through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry testing methods. The drug test threshold values for screening and confirmation are consistent with the Zero Tolerance Drug Testing program used by Aegis Sciences except the Marijuana threshold which is the standard used by SAMSHA (Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration). A sample is considered positive if the levels exceed the confirmation threshold. The screening and confirmation threshold utilized in the FSU Substance Abuse Program are outlined below: Drug Class Drug Test Threshold Table (Screen/Confirm ng/ml) Amphetamines 5. Cocaine/Crack 1. 00/5. Marijuana 1. 5/5 Opiates (Narcotics) 1. Also includes MDMA (Ecstasy), MDEA (Eve), MDA and PMA at a 2. All samples analyzed by Aegis Sciences will be normalized using the specific gravity standard set by the World Anti- Doping Association (W. A. D. A.). A result that indicates a specific gravity below this standard is considered dilute. Should a student- athlete s sample be deemed dilute, the student- athlete is notified as soon as possible after this information is received and the studentathlete will be re- tested at the earliest available opportunity. Two consecutive dilutes will be counted as a positive test. This re- test collection may be performed by a member of the sports medicine staff. NPC NEWS ONLINE The National Physique Committee is the premier amateur physique organization in the world. Since 1982, the top athletes in bodybuilding. Beverly International Publication. Quarterly publication filled with Real-World articles on nutrition, training, contest preparation for bodybuilding, figure. Bodybuilding. com. Www.bodybuildingindia.com is a Fitness web portal destination where you can buy genuine supplements along with diet & exercise plans and free fitness blog. Australian Iron Man magazine is no.1 for muscle and fitness, bodybuilding, weights & workouts! 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